No Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

No Topic - Essay Example As per Sanders, the STEM framework, presented during the 1990s, had from the start been utilized by NSF to allude to isolate subjects of â€Å"science, innovation, designing, and arithmetic while a few people thought it STEM training alluded to communication among the stake holders† (2009, p. 20). In any case, because of the worldwide difficulties and rivalry looked by the U.S from different nations like China and India, the STEM program was intensely upheld up by the administration by giving assets and pushing the combination of the STEM subjects to other conventional school subjects (Clemson University, n.d). Therefore, the present instruction arrangement of K-12 in the U.S executes the STEM educational plan and training strategy. Then again, a few types of integrative stem instruction can be distinguished in the American training framework. Right off the bat, combination of designing with secondary school instruction subjects, especially science and arithmetic, is one type of integrative discovering that empowers and mentors to address issues in reality (North Carolina State University, 2011). Further, the North Carolina State University expresses that different techniques have been actualized to empower educators to fuse designing ideas when preparing understudies on science and arithmetic (2011). This type of integrative learning is significant not exclusively to the understudies yet additionally to the country all in all. This is on the grounds that understudies can recognize issues in reality and give arrangements dependent on thoughts from multi-disciplinary methodology. Another type of stem reconciliation is the consideration of expressions and scholarly subjects to the fundamental STEM subjects. As indicated by North Carolina State University, understudies need to have a variety of differing abilities so as to powerful design answer for the issues existing in the present society (2011). In this type of combination, understudies get the opportunity to learn compelling relational abilities through the abstract subjects something that is significant

Interpersonal Conflict in Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Relational Conflict in Film - Movie Review Example It is reasonable that the couple has experienced a horrendous encounter in advance and that it is normal that they would be dreadful yet not in such a response. The spouse began verbally communicating her generalized impressions of minorities individuals and carries her to presume even her own maid. Due to the dread that Jean made in her psyche about different races, she began accusing herself and venting her annoyance for others and her better half. She let her steam off within the sight of others and requested her better half to consider all the more genuinely the risk that they are in. The spouse was astute enough to be quiet rather than her significant other anyway he likewise gave some disturbance towards his wife’s demeanor. In spite of the fact that he recommended that her significant other would better hit the sack, it would have been identifying him to have seen her to their stay with guaranteeing words that not every single minorities individuals as not every white A merican are on a par with they

How HR Strategy Can Help You Gain a Competitive Advantage

How HR Strategy Can Help You Gain a Competitive Advantage THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL The four Ps of marketing product, place, promotion, and price certainly present many compelling ways to differentiate your firm’s product or services from those of your competition, and it is often where new entrepreneurs start. However, as you plan to get your business off the ground, you need to consider more than just marketing strategies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, no matter which market your firm is in. One of the most important aspects of your business is what is known as your HR strategy and your human capital you, your team, and your employees. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, we explore, 1) the importance of human capital, 2) HR as a source of competitive advantage, 3) building your team, 4) obtaining business services, 5) subcontracting, and 6) your first (and subsequent) hires.THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITALEffectively and efficiently managing your human capital â€" moreover, successfully leveraging your human capital to achieve your firm’s strategic business objectives, can help you achieve considerable success in the marketplace. Conversely, failing to do so, through a lack of planning or poor implementation, can result in reduced productivity and profits, and even a poor brand reputation.Many fledgling entrepreneurs often overlook human resources planning in the early stages of their firm’s creation. Many think that human resources begins when a firm grows large enough to have a formal human resource department an office, a director, a dedicated budget line, and other hallmarks of a large firm. However, the truth is that HR strategy starts when a firm is a single person. Whether or not you have a formal written plan for human resources at the start-up stage for how you handle your own entrepreneurial education, compensation, and working hours, HR strategy can set the stage for how you will handle these kinds of decisions when you decide to hire your first employee(s). Similarly, how you acquire business services to fulfill business functions you do not have the time or expertise to fulfill, and subcontractors for those extra services you wish to provide, will lay the foundation for how you make those decisions when your firm grows larger.Therefore, it is critical that you approach these decisions strategically from the very beginning. Moreover, you do not have to be an expert in HR at this stage to do so. It is critical, however, that you are able to answer these questions:What is my firm’s competitive advantage?What are the strategies and tactics my firm will use to achi eve/maintain/increase that advantage?How can I leverage my firm’s human capital to achieve those goals and achieve/maintain/increase that advantage?HUMAN RESOURCES AS A SOURCE OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGELet’s explore the ways human resources can help you enhance your competitive advantage, or even help you create a new one:You may choose to compete by offering the lowest prices on the market. To do so, you must ensure that your operating expenses are as low as possible to maximize profit. By deriving your human capital from a pool independent contractors and/or offshore, for example, you may be able to minimize HR expenses, which, when combined with other methods of reducing business expenses, may help you achieve significant profits. While many Fortune 500 firms have received significant criticism for the use of offshore vendors, they have leveraged this strategy to achieve tremendous profits.A variety of perspectives can yield lucrative ideas about how to differentiate your produ ct or service, or even create new ones. These ideas can come from anywhere, but equity partners, advisory board members, and full- or part-time employees are often the richest source of innovation. 3M’s internal culture is renowned for nurturing employee innovation, by allowing employees a certain amount of time each week to work on projects in which they are interested, even if there is no immediate application. Often, these kinds of projects have led to some of 3M’s most popular products, such as the Post-It note.Highly skilled employees may allow you to offer a superior product for which you can charge a premium. Such is the case with luxury products/services, as well as most firms that are competing based on the quality of their products/services. While it may cost you more to recruit and/or train and retain highly skilled employees who can add value to your offerings, that cost can be passed to the consumer in the form of premium pricing.Maybe your source of competitive adv antage is operational effectiveness. Skilled employees, who find ways to reduce internal costs, can increase operating margins. A strong internal culture â€" one marked by high employee morale and engagement, can increase productivity, and ultimately, increase profits.BUILDING YOUR TEAMYou’ve committed to starting your business, but you may not want to do it alone. You may not have the expertise to develop your vision, but you have no capital. Or maybe you already have an equity partner with whom you are working, but need another one or two folks with the right talents to take your idea and make it a reality. However, you do have no prototype or product, or revenue, with which to compensate them. © Entrepreneurial InsightsThe good news is that with the proliferation of the digital world, and the growth of multinational distribution channels, has come a world full of would-be entrepreneurs both in the U.S. and abroad. There are undergraduate and graduate degrees in entrepreneurship, start-up networking groups, and even reality shows like Shark Tank, which illustrate actual entrepreneurs obtaining funding and strategic partners. Short of auditioning for a reality show, how do you go about finding like-minded individuals willing to work on your business idea, for only the promise of possible success?Online networking sites, such as Founder2Be, match entrepreneurs with fledgling enterprises. College campuses are another great place to look. You may consider auditing a class in a particular area to shore up your expertise; why not take advantage of the campuses business networking groups while you are there?When looking for an equity partner, here are a couple of things to consid er:Passion and commitment: You are asking this individual to work on a project with no guarantee that it will eventually make enough money to compensate them. They have to believe in the idea, and when the going gets rough, you must find ways to reinforce that belief. (Sounds an awful lot like an HR function).Expertise: You need to find someone who can compensate for the areas in which you are lacking. This goes without saying, but be sure that they are actually capable of doing the work through thorough background and reference checks before you assign them a critical task.OBTAINING BUSINESS SERVICESYou may be a sole proprietor, or even just a fledgling entrepreneur with zero capital, just an idea and insomnia. You may think to yourself, “I cannot afford to take a salary, so how much HR planning can I do?”To start with, it is unlikely that you have enough time or expertise to fulfill all of the functions of your firm â€" from marketing to IT to accounting to legal to finance to sales. Some of these functions will have to be obtained from third parties as business services. How do you go about obtaining these services in such a way that advances your overall business strategy? How you approach plugging up your deficits as an individual is a human resources problem and sets the stage for how your firm handles human resources down the line.First, review your business strategy. If you are competing on cost than you will automatically rule out low cost providers. If you are looking for ways to differentiate your firm, you may gravitate towards firms that tout their creativity.Do your research. In the same way that a corporation’s HR department might employ a firm to conduct background checks, check a vendor’s references â€" such as their other clients and their profiles on third party watchdog sites like the Better Business Bureau.Build long-term relationships with quality vendors. Part of HR is the retention of talented human capital, so it is best to ass ess the short-term performance of a business vendor’s services, and if they exceed expectations, then retain them through a long-term contract.SUBCONTRACTINGYour time is finite and valuable. Chances are you may be burning the candle at both ends trying to produce a certain type and number of products/services, in the early stages. But what happens when a client comes to you with a lucrative order for a related product/service that you don’t have the time, or possibly the expertise, to offer?One solution is subcontracting the work to a third-party firm. This can be lucrative: by increasing capacity, you may be able to meet increased demand, and/or offer new products/services. But be careful. A subcontractor’s performance or lack thereof reflects on your brand, not theirs. You are ultimately responsible â€"and liable- for meeting the client’s demand, which makes subcontractor selection a crucial decision.Some things to consider:Do: Develop relationships with multiple subcontra ctors. Life happens and even the most reliable subcontractor may be unable to meet a deadline for reasons beyond their control. Having a second, and even, third go-to person, can ensure that you meet client expectations.Don’t: Automatically select the lowest bidder. While you may be competing on cost, the phrase, “You get what you pay for” often applies in business. An inexpensive firm may not be able to meet your need for reliability and flexibility.Do: Your research. Take stock of your existing professional relationships, online freelance sites, such as Elance, and professional networking associations for referrals. But do not stop there. Make sure you check references. Start with small projects and assess the results. There are hundreds of thousands of firms in the U.S. alone that offer B2B services, so if one subcontractor does not work out, there are plenty of others from which to choose.Don’t: Over-rely on subcontractors. There will come a time, hopefully early on, whe n you have enough capital to take on an employee, even if for a part-time position. This should be welcomed, rather than considered as an additional cost. Hiring employees allows you to exercise greater control over your product/service and its production and delivery process. It allows you to develop in-house expertise, and it builds or heightens your nascent organizational culture.YOUR FIRST (AND SUBSEQUENT) HIRESOnce you have reached a point where you can hire, you may have already made many HR decisions. You may not have thought of them as such, but team-building, obtaining business services, and subcontracting are all HR decisions. A strong employee can increase productivity and profits, while a weak employee can decrease the same, and even potentially harm tarnish your reputation.When hiring, “[it helps], if I form a relationship with the person prior to the job,” says Brian Murphy, owner of Murphy’s Tavern and Victory Cantina in New York City. “It keeps me competitive because people don’t only work because it’s their job, but they often try harder to ‘help me out’ because of the bond we form. I also tend to [give] the recommendations of other valued staff [great weight when hiring].”When asking what advice he would provide fledgling entrepreneurs, he offers, this on hiring: “I would say use your best judgment. Get someone based on personality and their ability to work, not on their past work experience. Just because someone has been doing something for a while does not mean that they haven’t developed bad habits or are good at what they do. Get someone who is willing to learn what you want to teach them.”All important points. Others to consider include:Ensure that your hires are aligned with your business strategy and tactics. Do not just hire because you can. Make sure that each new employee is hired to accomplish some aspect of your firm’s strategic plan.Formalize HR planning. Even if you have given it short shrift until this point, your first hire necessitates the beginning of long-term HR planning.Finally, pay particular attention to the culture of your firm. A combination of freelancers, equity partners, part-or full-time employees, and business service vendors, all combine to create something very unique. If not properly cultivated, it can have a negative impact on your entire operation. However, if nurtured, it can lead to a lasting and sustained advantage for your firm.

Should You Listen to the Customer Essay - 655 Words

Luyao Zhang Case study 1: Should You Listen to The Customer 22th Sep. 2012 1. Delacroix is an avant-garde dance troupe based in New York and its mission is to bring modern dance to as many people as possible. Natalia Georgio is the executive director in Delacroix. She plans to go internationally as well as television and film engagements. To achieve the plans, recently she hires a new marketing manager, Elizabeth Gardos, who has much experience before. Henry, a company’s founder, believes that company’s development is originally from employees and dancers, not from customers. Right now, Natalia faces a situation that she needs to decide whether to bring Elizabeth’s customer research plan to the board or follow Henry’s lead. â€Å"Should†¦show more content†¦This type of company perform their works based on inspiration, if they do a customer approach, they might lose their best customers. Then, Henry mentioned that they do not sell â€Å"clothes†. Let’s take Apple for example. The mission sta tement of Apple is working on the users’ experience. If they had surveyed before inventing products, the Iphone might not be created. Since most of consumers at that time never experienced touch screen experience. How would they respond to touch screen in Apple survey. But for long term purpose, marketing research is important. We can have secondary data whether the audience satisfied with music, price and so on. Generally, market research should not be used for Entertainment Company, market research only need to be used for purposes of price, environment and so on. 4) This is a very interesting case study. I definitely learnt a lot from it. For fashion business, I have different opinions about fashion designers’ companies and fashion retail companies. For fashion designer’s company (like Chanel), they do not need have much marketing research. Like Delacroix, Chanel are entertainment company and are not perceived as a company driven by customer suggestions (like Apple). Customers are willing to buy new collection in each season for the most fashionable trend. They are buying new design, new inspiration and new innovation. Excess marketing research is notShow MoreRelatedShould you listen to the customer? Essay718 Words   |  3 Pagespersons involved in a new challenge: should they listen to the customer feedback? Natalia is an experimented member of the company who hired Elizabeth as an marketing responsible. They have to propose a new marketing strategy based on the client feedback, but Henry, the founder of the company, has a di fferent opinion. Why doesn’t Henry want to listen to the customers? Does he have a point? Are there some businesses where you should not listen to the customer? What about his Smurf comment? HenryRead MoreThe Objection Of An Objection1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthat you do not move on until the objection has been met or fully covered. You should meet the objection by giving more information or explaining the issue more clearly to ensure that it meets any misunderstanding that may have arisen. Once you have covered what you think the objection was then you should ask him if he is happy to move on with the meeting. D. You should dress in smart clothes and ensure that you are clean and presentable. You should wear a suit and smart shoes that are clean andRead MoreGood Boss vs Bad Boss1125 Words   |  5 PagesGood Boss vs. Bad Boss There are many traits that a boss needs; like communication, respect and mentoring. These traits and others will decide whether you are a good boss or bad. It will depends on how one looks at it, are you an employee or a boss. Bosses will come and go, however the good ones will always stand out from the bad ones. At the same time, ironically, it’s easy to spot both extremes, good and bad. Everyone has a difference of opinion on what makes a good boss. Read MoreCustomer Retention1590 Words   |  7 PagesMake Customers Come Back - Winning Customer Retention Strategies Customer Retention marketing is a tactically-driven strategy to keep relationships with customers going and increase customer interest. This strategy relies on the study of customer behavior. Here are the basic tenets of a marketer that seeks to increase customer retention: 1. Past and Current customer behavior This is the best predictor of how customers will behave in the future. They are the characteristics marketers should most oftenRead MorePosition Of Interviewee : Rozina1005 Words   |  5 Pagesposition: 8 Years 1. What are the personal qualities that you believe are essential for anyone working with customer in a service environment?(Please be specific and explain why you believe this) The following personal qualities are essential to work in any customer service environment †¢ Interpersonal skills Many employers want their employees to have relationship building where employee relates well with other co-workers and all the customers. †¢ Commitment Commitment is very important for anybodyRead MoreCustomer Care Essay for Alpha Computer Services1592 Words   |  7 PagesCustomer Care In todays competitive environment, the issue of customer relations has become ever more important. With such wide choices available to the customer, the slightest dissatisfaction can easily result in customer taking their business else where. There are many methods available for an organisation to establish and maintain positive relationships with customer to help them retain their business. Communication is one of the most important methods as it covers many aspects of customerRead MoreListening Means The Best Solution Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesListen Listening means the ability to actively understand information provided by the speaker and display interest in the topic discussed. It’s essential that companies or businesses today to listen to their customers. There are two kinds of passive and active listening. Passive is simply receiving the message without giving any external indications. Active is that an active listener engages with the speaker. Avoid distractions by tuning out any and all forms of distractions that would cause youRead MoreTask Planning For A Meeting1545 Words   |  7 Pagesoffer.) Key facts about what you can offer. 3.) Explain how he should: a. meet and greet the customer b. the questions he should use to build rapport and put the customer at ease c. overcome any recognised sales objections during the meeting d. dress for this important meeting a.) Email or telephone the customer before to make sure that the meeting can go ahead. Also this will build up a bit of rapport early and help to get to know each other. Meet and greet the customer with a handshake. Be enthusedRead MoreHow For Achieve A Wide And Sustainable Success1594 Words   |  7 Pagesfor plagiarism: â€Æ' Dear Managing Director, As a Managing Director of a mid-size business, it is important to know that there is more to success than profit. Business success also includes the message conveyed and the impact of the business on its customers, employees, society, the community and the environment, as well as the relationships that are formed because of the business. Additionally, it is important to be aware that only businesses that succeed in the long term are ‘truly’ successful. BusinessesRead MoreProblems Associated With Listening And How The Effective Listening Will Be Addressed1718 Words   |  7 PagesWell, now that the problem is known what to do about it must be addressed. In other words, what happens when someone learns how to truly listen? The first thing (which is good news for leaders everywhere) is that they will also learn how to lead effectively. As a matter of fact, let’s make an even bolder statement that as they enhance their ability to listen effectively it will direc tly impact the effectiveness as a leader. The reason is because they will be able to see (though hearing-the ear

6. The Value/Danger Of Wealth. These Few Words By John

6. The value/danger of wealth These few words by John Chrysostom â€Å"Nothing is more fallacious than wealth. It is hostile comrade, a domestic enemy.† after reading The Great Gatsby. During Twenties, the nation’s wealth doubled. Was wealth the greatest â€Å"happiness† to pursue? The impact of wealth can display one’s true identity. In The Great Gatsby, wealth directly reflected the success of a person, but the pursuit of opulence twisted foundation of the American dream by resulting in greediness. Money enticed people into accomplishing a directive due to its great worth, which could potentially result in good consequences or bad consequences. Wealth can bring about high values and through those high values it could pose the threat of†¦show more content†¦This is experienced in the book when Gatsby’s father was touring the house â€Å"his pride in his son and his son’s possessions was continually increasing† (Fitzge rald 172). That through his son’s money this was bringing him happiness, but this source of happiness was not the case for Gatsby. The value of wealth here accentuated the great danger of temporary happiness. Gatsby was known as one of the wealthiest men in this book. But how did he gain all of his money? Throughout the book, Gatsby’s history is revealed. Before his wealth, he was a soldier in the war, which provided a low income. Daisy, who was Tom’s wife and had a previous relationship with Gatsby, left him because of his lack of wealth or income. Daisy was pursuing happiness through money. Her pursuit for love was based on how much money one had. Gatsby experiences a broken sense of happiness through Daisy’s marriage to Tom driven by her desire for wealth. In The Great Gatsby there was two different ways that wealth was gained - either inherited, the East Egg, or made, the West Egg. Many rumors pointed toward Gatsby gaining his wealth by being a bootlegger, a person who illegally smuggles drugs. At one of Gatsby’s parties, a group of people were gathering and talking about Gatsby and how â€Å"’He’s a bootlegger’† (Fitzg erald 61). It was later confirmed by Tom Buchanan that GatsbyShow MoreRelatedThe Theology Of The United Methodist Church1050 Words   |  5 Pagestheology, experiencing God’s love through God’s people, absorbing the word from the biblical sermons, the creeds, and the hymns as we sung our faith together. My formation in The United Methodist Church was centered upon the Bible, the primary source of Christian belief and theological exploration. The Scriptures contain all things necessary for salvation. John Wesley stated â€Å"the substance of the entire Bible is summed up in two plain words-faith and salvation.† The Bible reveals God, enables us to developRead MoreEssay on Cinemas Role in Society1719 Words   |  7 Pagesinteract. 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Today, this bond between men has never been so frail and apathy has never been so vigorous. Millions of people die every year from preventableRead MoreGambling a Bad Bet5057 Words   |  21 Pageswagering money, or something of value, on an uncertain event whose outcome is dependent either wholly on chance or partly on chance and partly on skill. However one defines or assesses gambling, one thread runs throughout its entire fabric⎠¯from the friendly Saturday night card game to the social club bingo to the full blown casino⎠¯the gains of the winners are made at the expense of the losers, and the gain is secured without rendering its equivalent either in service or in value. Thus, if a game of chanceRead MoreThe Frontier Thesis3825 Words   |  16 Pagesthat the ‘common man’ should contribute in civil life became an important part of American society.[5] It was not only American democracy that Turner thought had developed out of the unique frontier experience. There were also several other values that owed the frontier its striking characteristics, for example the complex nationality (later termed the melting pot), individualism and economic mobility (the American Dream). â€Å"The result†, Turner concluded, was â€Å"that to the frontier the AmericanRead More Rise and Fall of the Jamestown Colony Essay2347 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish. Shortly before the English colony was established at Jamestown in 1607, chief Powhatan had brought under his control by conquest most of the Algonquian tribes in the tidewater country. This confederacy was held together by his despotic power. John Smith names twenty-eight tribes in the confederacy, comprised of a total 161 villages, both large and small(McCary, 1). 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This circular logic is directly spoken of a few times, but is also seen in logic and actions throughout the book. 2. Genre: Catch-22 is often viewed as an antiromantic war novel, throwing out all the frill and romance found in many war novels at the time. Catch-22 is also considered satire, as wellRead MoreWewewewewe6226 Words   |  25 Pagesprice tag on a it. But if we really had to, most of us would agree that the value of a human life would be in the millions. Consistent with the foundations of our democracy and our frequently professed belief in the inherent dignity of human beings, we would also agree that all humans are created equal, at least to the extent of denying that differences of sex, ethnicity, nationality and place of residence change the value of a human life. Q. and A. Peter Singer answers readers questions on theRead More‘Why Financial Reports Can Never Really Be Considered Neutral (Free from Bias) or Objective.2933 Words   |  12 PagesREPORT ‘Why Financial Reports can never really be considered neutral (free from bias) or objective.’ Word Count: 2536 Introduction The Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements specifies that information generated should â€Å"represent faithfully† and â€Å"be neutral†¦ free from bias† (AASB Framework, para. 33; 36). Information that is not neutral can â€Å"influence the making of a decision or judgement in order to achieve a predetermined result or outcome† (AASB Framework

Philosopher essay Free Essays

The United States’ form of democracy was not assembled all by one man over night. The idea of self government is an idea not widely thought about in a world who ere a king ruled. Classical Republican Philosophers and Natural Rights Philosophers influx encoded many important documents that have controlled our country such as the Declaration n of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, a document of the French revolution and history of huh man rights, and the Declaration of Independence. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosopher essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was giggly highly influenced by Thomas Jefferson because Jefferson was working with General Lafayette and Lafayette admired Jefferson. The very first article of this Declare Zion, â€Å"Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights† shows that everyone is equal. All of the rights show barely any restriction to people and express how every individual is Nat aurally equal. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson carefully organized the Declaration to control the country, while showing a distinct Seen SE of freedom toward the individual. Thomas Jefferson used the unalienable rights, â€Å"Life, Lib retry, and a pursuit of Happiness† to express the type of life a United States citizen should have. Thomas Jefferson used these three rights from John Locke except Locke used property instead of a pursuit of happiness. By â€Å"property’ Locke meant more than belongings, he ref erred to one’s well being as a whole as well. Using these three rights, American people can d iced when the government has been too damaging and can change it (if need be). The D acceleration states reasons â€Å"We have warned them from time to time†¦ How to cite Philosopher essay, Essays

The Confederate States Of America Essays - , Term Papers

The Confederate States Of America The Confederate States Of America Confederate States of America, the name adopted by the federation of 11 slave holding Southern states of the United States that seceded from the Union and were arrayed against the national government during the American Civil War. Immediately after confirmation of the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the legislature of South Carolina convened. In a unanimous vote on December 20, 1860, the state seceded from the Union. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. President James Buchanan, in the last days of his administration, declared that the federal government would not forcibly prevent the secessions. In February 1861, the seceding states sent representatives to a convention in Montgomery, Alabama. The convention, presided over by Howell Cobb of Georgia, adopted a provisional constitution and chose Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as provisional president and Alexander Hamilton Stephens of Georgia as provisional vice president. The convention, on March 11, 1861, unanimously ratified a permanent constitution. The constitution, which closely resembled the federal Constitution, prohibited the African slave trade but allowed interstate commerce in slaves. Jefferson Davis (1808-89), first and only president of the Confederate States of America (1861-65). Davis was born onJune 3, 1808, in Christian (now Todd) County, Kentucky, and educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and at the U.S. Military Academy. After his graduation in 1828, he saw frontier service until ill health forced his resignation from the army in 1835. He was a planter in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845, when he was elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1846 he resigned his seat in order to serve in the Mexican War and fought at Monterrey and Buena Vista, where he was wounded. He was U.S. senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1851, secretary of war in the cabinet of President Franklin Pierce from 1853 to 1857, and again U.S. senator from 1857 to 1861. As a senator he often stated his support of slavery and of states' rights, and as a cabinet member he influenced Pierce to sign the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which favored the South and increased the bitterness of the struggle over slavery. In his second term as senator he became the acknowledged spokesman for the Southern point of view. He opposed the idea of secession from the Union, however, as a means of maintaining the principles of the South. Even after the first steps toward secession had been taken, he tried to keep the Southern states in the Union, although not at the expense of their principles. When the state of Mississippi seceded, he withdrew from the Senate. On February 18, 1861, the provisional Congress of the Confederate States made him provisional president. He was elected to the office by popular vote the same year for a 6-year term and was inaugurated in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy, on February 22, 1862. Davis failed to raise sufficient money to fight the American Civil War and could not obtain recognition and help for the Confederacy from foreign governments. He was in constant conflict with extreme exponents of the doctrine of states' rights, and his attempts to have high military officers appointed by the president were opposed by the governors of the states. The judges of state courts constantly interfered in military matters through judicial decisions. Davis was nevertheless responsible for the raising of the formidable Confederate armies, the notable appointment of General Robert E. Lee as commander of the Army of Virginia, and the encouragement of industrial enterprise throughout the South. His zeal, energy, and faith in the cause of the South were a source of much of the tenacity with which the Confederacy fought the Civil War. Even in 1865 Davis still hoped the South would be able to achieve its independence, but at last he realized defeat was imminent and fled from Richmond. On May 10, 1865, federal troops captured him at Irwinville, Georgia. From 1865 to 1867 he was imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, Virginia. Davis was indicted for treason in 1866 but the next year was released on a bond of $100,000 signed by the American newspaper publisher Horace Greeley and other influential Northerners. In 1868 the federal government dropped the case against him. From 1870 to 1878 he engaged in a number of unsuccessful business enterprises; and from 1878 until his death in New Orleans, on December 6, 1889, he lived near Biloxi, Mississippi. His grave is in Richmond, Virginia. He wrote The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (1881). Soon after his inauguration as provisional president on February 18,