No Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

No Topic - Essay Example As per Sanders, the STEM framework, presented during the 1990s, had from the start been utilized by NSF to allude to isolate subjects of â€Å"science, innovation, designing, and arithmetic while a few people thought it STEM training alluded to communication among the stake holders† (2009, p. 20). In any case, because of the worldwide difficulties and rivalry looked by the U.S from different nations like China and India, the STEM program was intensely upheld up by the administration by giving assets and pushing the combination of the STEM subjects to other conventional school subjects (Clemson University, n.d). Therefore, the present instruction arrangement of K-12 in the U.S executes the STEM educational plan and training strategy. Then again, a few types of integrative stem instruction can be distinguished in the American training framework. Right off the bat, combination of designing with secondary school instruction subjects, especially science and arithmetic, is one type of integrative discovering that empowers and mentors to address issues in reality (North Carolina State University, 2011). Further, the North Carolina State University expresses that different techniques have been actualized to empower educators to fuse designing ideas when preparing understudies on science and arithmetic (2011). This type of integrative learning is significant not exclusively to the understudies yet additionally to the country all in all. This is on the grounds that understudies can recognize issues in reality and give arrangements dependent on thoughts from multi-disciplinary methodology. Another type of stem reconciliation is the consideration of expressions and scholarly subjects to the fundamental STEM subjects. As indicated by North Carolina State University, understudies need to have a variety of differing abilities so as to powerful design answer for the issues existing in the present society (2011). In this type of combination, understudies get the opportunity to learn compelling relational abilities through the abstract subjects something that is significant

Interpersonal Conflict in Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Relational Conflict in Film - Movie Review Example It is reasonable that the couple has experienced a horrendous encounter in advance and that it is normal that they would be dreadful yet not in such a response. The spouse began verbally communicating her generalized impressions of minorities individuals and carries her to presume even her own maid. Due to the dread that Jean made in her psyche about different races, she began accusing herself and venting her annoyance for others and her better half. She let her steam off within the sight of others and requested her better half to consider all the more genuinely the risk that they are in. The spouse was astute enough to be quiet rather than her significant other anyway he likewise gave some disturbance towards his wife’s demeanor. In spite of the fact that he recommended that her significant other would better hit the sack, it would have been identifying him to have seen her to their stay with guaranteeing words that not every single minorities individuals as not every white A merican are on a par with they

How HR Strategy Can Help You Gain a Competitive Advantage

How HR Strategy Can Help You Gain a Competitive Advantage THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL The four Ps of marketing product, place, promotion, and price certainly present many compelling ways to differentiate your firm’s product or services from those of your competition, and it is often where new entrepreneurs start. However, as you plan to get your business off the ground, you need to consider more than just marketing strategies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, no matter which market your firm is in. One of the most important aspects of your business is what is known as your HR strategy and your human capital you, your team, and your employees. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, we explore, 1) the importance of human capital, 2) HR as a source of competitive advantage, 3) building your team, 4) obtaining business services, 5) subcontracting, and 6) your first (and subsequent) hires.THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITALEffectively and efficiently managing your human capital â€" moreover, successfully leveraging your human capital to achieve your firm’s strategic business objectives, can help you achieve considerable success in the marketplace. Conversely, failing to do so, through a lack of planning or poor implementation, can result in reduced productivity and profits, and even a poor brand reputation.Many fledgling entrepreneurs often overlook human resources planning in the early stages of their firm’s creation. Many think that human resources begins when a firm grows large enough to have a formal human resource department an office, a director, a dedicated budget line, and other hallmarks of a large firm. However, the truth is that HR strategy starts when a firm is a single person. Whether or not you have a formal written plan for human resources at the start-up stage for how you handle your own entrepreneurial education, compensation, and working hours, HR strategy can set the stage for how you will handle these kinds of decisions when you decide to hire your first employee(s). Similarly, how you acquire business services to fulfill business functions you do not have the time or expertise to fulfill, and subcontractors for those extra services you wish to provide, will lay the foundation for how you make those decisions when your firm grows larger.Therefore, it is critical that you approach these decisions strategically from the very beginning. Moreover, you do not have to be an expert in HR at this stage to do so. It is critical, however, that you are able to answer these questions:What is my firm’s competitive advantage?What are the strategies and tactics my firm will use to achi eve/maintain/increase that advantage?How can I leverage my firm’s human capital to achieve those goals and achieve/maintain/increase that advantage?HUMAN RESOURCES AS A SOURCE OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGELet’s explore the ways human resources can help you enhance your competitive advantage, or even help you create a new one:You may choose to compete by offering the lowest prices on the market. To do so, you must ensure that your operating expenses are as low as possible to maximize profit. By deriving your human capital from a pool independent contractors and/or offshore, for example, you may be able to minimize HR expenses, which, when combined with other methods of reducing business expenses, may help you achieve significant profits. While many Fortune 500 firms have received significant criticism for the use of offshore vendors, they have leveraged this strategy to achieve tremendous profits.A variety of perspectives can yield lucrative ideas about how to differentiate your produ ct or service, or even create new ones. These ideas can come from anywhere, but equity partners, advisory board members, and full- or part-time employees are often the richest source of innovation. 3M’s internal culture is renowned for nurturing employee innovation, by allowing employees a certain amount of time each week to work on projects in which they are interested, even if there is no immediate application. Often, these kinds of projects have led to some of 3M’s most popular products, such as the Post-It note.Highly skilled employees may allow you to offer a superior product for which you can charge a premium. Such is the case with luxury products/services, as well as most firms that are competing based on the quality of their products/services. While it may cost you more to recruit and/or train and retain highly skilled employees who can add value to your offerings, that cost can be passed to the consumer in the form of premium pricing.Maybe your source of competitive adv antage is operational effectiveness. Skilled employees, who find ways to reduce internal costs, can increase operating margins. A strong internal culture â€" one marked by high employee morale and engagement, can increase productivity, and ultimately, increase profits.BUILDING YOUR TEAMYou’ve committed to starting your business, but you may not want to do it alone. You may not have the expertise to develop your vision, but you have no capital. Or maybe you already have an equity partner with whom you are working, but need another one or two folks with the right talents to take your idea and make it a reality. However, you do have no prototype or product, or revenue, with which to compensate them. © Entrepreneurial InsightsThe good news is that with the proliferation of the digital world, and the growth of multinational distribution channels, has come a world full of would-be entrepreneurs both in the U.S. and abroad. There are undergraduate and graduate degrees in entrepreneurship, start-up networking groups, and even reality shows like Shark Tank, which illustrate actual entrepreneurs obtaining funding and strategic partners. Short of auditioning for a reality show, how do you go about finding like-minded individuals willing to work on your business idea, for only the promise of possible success?Online networking sites, such as Founder2Be, match entrepreneurs with fledgling enterprises. College campuses are another great place to look. You may consider auditing a class in a particular area to shore up your expertise; why not take advantage of the campuses business networking groups while you are there?When looking for an equity partner, here are a couple of things to consid er:Passion and commitment: You are asking this individual to work on a project with no guarantee that it will eventually make enough money to compensate them. They have to believe in the idea, and when the going gets rough, you must find ways to reinforce that belief. (Sounds an awful lot like an HR function).Expertise: You need to find someone who can compensate for the areas in which you are lacking. This goes without saying, but be sure that they are actually capable of doing the work through thorough background and reference checks before you assign them a critical task.OBTAINING BUSINESS SERVICESYou may be a sole proprietor, or even just a fledgling entrepreneur with zero capital, just an idea and insomnia. You may think to yourself, “I cannot afford to take a salary, so how much HR planning can I do?”To start with, it is unlikely that you have enough time or expertise to fulfill all of the functions of your firm â€" from marketing to IT to accounting to legal to finance to sales. Some of these functions will have to be obtained from third parties as business services. How do you go about obtaining these services in such a way that advances your overall business strategy? How you approach plugging up your deficits as an individual is a human resources problem and sets the stage for how your firm handles human resources down the line.First, review your business strategy. If you are competing on cost than you will automatically rule out low cost providers. If you are looking for ways to differentiate your firm, you may gravitate towards firms that tout their creativity.Do your research. In the same way that a corporation’s HR department might employ a firm to conduct background checks, check a vendor’s references â€" such as their other clients and their profiles on third party watchdog sites like the Better Business Bureau.Build long-term relationships with quality vendors. Part of HR is the retention of talented human capital, so it is best to ass ess the short-term performance of a business vendor’s services, and if they exceed expectations, then retain them through a long-term contract.SUBCONTRACTINGYour time is finite and valuable. Chances are you may be burning the candle at both ends trying to produce a certain type and number of products/services, in the early stages. But what happens when a client comes to you with a lucrative order for a related product/service that you don’t have the time, or possibly the expertise, to offer?One solution is subcontracting the work to a third-party firm. This can be lucrative: by increasing capacity, you may be able to meet increased demand, and/or offer new products/services. But be careful. A subcontractor’s performance or lack thereof reflects on your brand, not theirs. You are ultimately responsible â€"and liable- for meeting the client’s demand, which makes subcontractor selection a crucial decision.Some things to consider:Do: Develop relationships with multiple subcontra ctors. Life happens and even the most reliable subcontractor may be unable to meet a deadline for reasons beyond their control. Having a second, and even, third go-to person, can ensure that you meet client expectations.Don’t: Automatically select the lowest bidder. While you may be competing on cost, the phrase, “You get what you pay for” often applies in business. An inexpensive firm may not be able to meet your need for reliability and flexibility.Do: Your research. Take stock of your existing professional relationships, online freelance sites, such as Elance, and professional networking associations for referrals. But do not stop there. Make sure you check references. Start with small projects and assess the results. There are hundreds of thousands of firms in the U.S. alone that offer B2B services, so if one subcontractor does not work out, there are plenty of others from which to choose.Don’t: Over-rely on subcontractors. There will come a time, hopefully early on, whe n you have enough capital to take on an employee, even if for a part-time position. This should be welcomed, rather than considered as an additional cost. Hiring employees allows you to exercise greater control over your product/service and its production and delivery process. It allows you to develop in-house expertise, and it builds or heightens your nascent organizational culture.YOUR FIRST (AND SUBSEQUENT) HIRESOnce you have reached a point where you can hire, you may have already made many HR decisions. You may not have thought of them as such, but team-building, obtaining business services, and subcontracting are all HR decisions. A strong employee can increase productivity and profits, while a weak employee can decrease the same, and even potentially harm tarnish your reputation.When hiring, “[it helps], if I form a relationship with the person prior to the job,” says Brian Murphy, owner of Murphy’s Tavern and Victory Cantina in New York City. “It keeps me competitive because people don’t only work because it’s their job, but they often try harder to ‘help me out’ because of the bond we form. I also tend to [give] the recommendations of other valued staff [great weight when hiring].”When asking what advice he would provide fledgling entrepreneurs, he offers, this on hiring: “I would say use your best judgment. Get someone based on personality and their ability to work, not on their past work experience. Just because someone has been doing something for a while does not mean that they haven’t developed bad habits or are good at what they do. Get someone who is willing to learn what you want to teach them.”All important points. Others to consider include:Ensure that your hires are aligned with your business strategy and tactics. Do not just hire because you can. Make sure that each new employee is hired to accomplish some aspect of your firm’s strategic plan.Formalize HR planning. Even if you have given it short shrift until this point, your first hire necessitates the beginning of long-term HR planning.Finally, pay particular attention to the culture of your firm. A combination of freelancers, equity partners, part-or full-time employees, and business service vendors, all combine to create something very unique. If not properly cultivated, it can have a negative impact on your entire operation. However, if nurtured, it can lead to a lasting and sustained advantage for your firm.

Should You Listen to the Customer Essay - 655 Words

Luyao Zhang Case study 1: Should You Listen to The Customer 22th Sep. 2012 1. Delacroix is an avant-garde dance troupe based in New York and its mission is to bring modern dance to as many people as possible. Natalia Georgio is the executive director in Delacroix. She plans to go internationally as well as television and film engagements. To achieve the plans, recently she hires a new marketing manager, Elizabeth Gardos, who has much experience before. Henry, a company’s founder, believes that company’s development is originally from employees and dancers, not from customers. Right now, Natalia faces a situation that she needs to decide whether to bring Elizabeth’s customer research plan to the board or follow Henry’s lead. â€Å"Should†¦show more content†¦This type of company perform their works based on inspiration, if they do a customer approach, they might lose their best customers. Then, Henry mentioned that they do not sell â€Å"clothes†. Let’s take Apple for example. The mission sta tement of Apple is working on the users’ experience. If they had surveyed before inventing products, the Iphone might not be created. Since most of consumers at that time never experienced touch screen experience. How would they respond to touch screen in Apple survey. But for long term purpose, marketing research is important. We can have secondary data whether the audience satisfied with music, price and so on. Generally, market research should not be used for Entertainment Company, market research only need to be used for purposes of price, environment and so on. 4) This is a very interesting case study. I definitely learnt a lot from it. For fashion business, I have different opinions about fashion designers’ companies and fashion retail companies. For fashion designer’s company (like Chanel), they do not need have much marketing research. Like Delacroix, Chanel are entertainment company and are not perceived as a company driven by customer suggestions (like Apple). Customers are willing to buy new collection in each season for the most fashionable trend. They are buying new design, new inspiration and new innovation. Excess marketing research is notShow MoreRelatedShould you listen to the customer? Essay718 Words   |  3 Pagespersons involved in a new challenge: should they listen to the customer feedback? Natalia is an experimented member of the company who hired Elizabeth as an marketing responsible. They have to propose a new marketing strategy based on the client feedback, but Henry, the founder of the company, has a di fferent opinion. Why doesn’t Henry want to listen to the customers? Does he have a point? Are there some businesses where you should not listen to the customer? What about his Smurf comment? HenryRead MoreThe Objection Of An Objection1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthat you do not move on until the objection has been met or fully covered. You should meet the objection by giving more information or explaining the issue more clearly to ensure that it meets any misunderstanding that may have arisen. Once you have covered what you think the objection was then you should ask him if he is happy to move on with the meeting. D. You should dress in smart clothes and ensure that you are clean and presentable. You should wear a suit and smart shoes that are clean andRead MoreGood Boss vs Bad Boss1125 Words   |  5 PagesGood Boss vs. Bad Boss There are many traits that a boss needs; like communication, respect and mentoring. These traits and others will decide whether you are a good boss or bad. It will depends on how one looks at it, are you an employee or a boss. Bosses will come and go, however the good ones will always stand out from the bad ones. 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6. The Value/Danger Of Wealth. These Few Words By John

6. The value/danger of wealth These few words by John Chrysostom â€Å"Nothing is more fallacious than wealth. It is hostile comrade, a domestic enemy.† after reading The Great Gatsby. During Twenties, the nation’s wealth doubled. Was wealth the greatest â€Å"happiness† to pursue? The impact of wealth can display one’s true identity. In The Great Gatsby, wealth directly reflected the success of a person, but the pursuit of opulence twisted foundation of the American dream by resulting in greediness. Money enticed people into accomplishing a directive due to its great worth, which could potentially result in good consequences or bad consequences. Wealth can bring about high values and through those high values it could pose the threat of†¦show more content†¦This is experienced in the book when Gatsby’s father was touring the house â€Å"his pride in his son and his son’s possessions was continually increasing† (Fitzge rald 172). That through his son’s money this was bringing him happiness, but this source of happiness was not the case for Gatsby. The value of wealth here accentuated the great danger of temporary happiness. Gatsby was known as one of the wealthiest men in this book. But how did he gain all of his money? Throughout the book, Gatsby’s history is revealed. Before his wealth, he was a soldier in the war, which provided a low income. Daisy, who was Tom’s wife and had a previous relationship with Gatsby, left him because of his lack of wealth or income. Daisy was pursuing happiness through money. Her pursuit for love was based on how much money one had. Gatsby experiences a broken sense of happiness through Daisy’s marriage to Tom driven by her desire for wealth. In The Great Gatsby there was two different ways that wealth was gained - either inherited, the East Egg, or made, the West Egg. Many rumors pointed toward Gatsby gaining his wealth by being a bootlegger, a person who illegally smuggles drugs. At one of Gatsby’s parties, a group of people were gathering and talking about Gatsby and how â€Å"’He’s a bootlegger’† (Fitzg erald 61). It was later confirmed by Tom Buchanan that GatsbyShow MoreRelatedThe Theology Of The United Methodist Church1050 Words   |  5 Pagestheology, experiencing God’s love through God’s people, absorbing the word from the biblical sermons, the creeds, and the hymns as we sung our faith together. My formation in The United Methodist Church was centered upon the Bible, the primary source of Christian belief and theological exploration. The Scriptures contain all things necessary for salvation. John Wesley stated â€Å"the substance of the entire Bible is summed up in two plain words-faith and salvation.† The Bible reveals God, enables us to developRead MoreEssay on Cinemas Role in Society1719 Words   |  7 Pagesinteract. 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Today, this bond between men has never been so frail and apathy has never been so vigorous. Millions of people die every year from preventableRead MoreGambling a Bad Bet5057 Words   |  21 Pageswagering money, or something of value, on an uncertain event whose outcome is dependent either wholly on chance or partly on chance and partly on skill. However one defines or assesses gambling, one thread runs throughout its entire fabric⎠¯from the friendly Saturday night card game to the social club bingo to the full blown casino⎠¯the gains of the winners are made at the expense of the losers, and the gain is secured without rendering its equivalent either in service or in value. Thus, if a game of chanceRead MoreThe Frontier Thesis3825 Words   |  16 Pagesthat the ‘common man’ should contribute in civil life became an important part of American society.[5] It was not only American democracy that Turner thought had developed out of the unique frontier experience. There were also several other values that owed the frontier its striking characteristics, for example the complex nationality (later termed the melting pot), individualism and economic mobility (the American Dream). â€Å"The result†, Turner concluded, was â€Å"that to the frontier the AmericanRead More Rise and Fall of the Jamestown Colony Essay2347 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish. Shortly before the English colony was established at Jamestown in 1607, chief Powhatan had brought under his control by conquest most of the Algonquian tribes in the tidewater country. This confederacy was held together by his despotic power. John Smith names twenty-eight tribes in the confederacy, comprised of a total 161 villages, both large and small(McCary, 1). 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This circular logic is directly spoken of a few times, but is also seen in logic and actions throughout the book. 2. Genre: Catch-22 is often viewed as an antiromantic war novel, throwing out all the frill and romance found in many war novels at the time. Catch-22 is also considered satire, as wellRead MoreWewewewewe6226 Words   |  25 Pagesprice tag on a it. But if we really had to, most of us would agree that the value of a human life would be in the millions. Consistent with the foundations of our democracy and our frequently professed belief in the inherent dignity of human beings, we would also agree that all humans are created equal, at least to the extent of denying that differences of sex, ethnicity, nationality and place of residence change the value of a human life. Q. and A. Peter Singer answers readers questions on theRead More‘Why Financial Reports Can Never Really Be Considered Neutral (Free from Bias) or Objective.2933 Words   |  12 PagesREPORT ‘Why Financial Reports can never really be considered neutral (free from bias) or objective.’ Word Count: 2536 Introduction The Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements specifies that information generated should â€Å"represent faithfully† and â€Å"be neutral†¦ free from bias† (AASB Framework, para. 33; 36). Information that is not neutral can â€Å"influence the making of a decision or judgement in order to achieve a predetermined result or outcome† (AASB Framework

Philosopher essay Free Essays

The United States’ form of democracy was not assembled all by one man over night. The idea of self government is an idea not widely thought about in a world who ere a king ruled. Classical Republican Philosophers and Natural Rights Philosophers influx encoded many important documents that have controlled our country such as the Declaration n of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, a document of the French revolution and history of huh man rights, and the Declaration of Independence. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosopher essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was giggly highly influenced by Thomas Jefferson because Jefferson was working with General Lafayette and Lafayette admired Jefferson. The very first article of this Declare Zion, â€Å"Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights† shows that everyone is equal. All of the rights show barely any restriction to people and express how every individual is Nat aurally equal. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson carefully organized the Declaration to control the country, while showing a distinct Seen SE of freedom toward the individual. Thomas Jefferson used the unalienable rights, â€Å"Life, Lib retry, and a pursuit of Happiness† to express the type of life a United States citizen should have. Thomas Jefferson used these three rights from John Locke except Locke used property instead of a pursuit of happiness. By â€Å"property’ Locke meant more than belongings, he ref erred to one’s well being as a whole as well. Using these three rights, American people can d iced when the government has been too damaging and can change it (if need be). The D acceleration states reasons â€Å"We have warned them from time to time†¦ How to cite Philosopher essay, Essays

The Confederate States Of America Essays - , Term Papers

The Confederate States Of America The Confederate States Of America Confederate States of America, the name adopted by the federation of 11 slave holding Southern states of the United States that seceded from the Union and were arrayed against the national government during the American Civil War. Immediately after confirmation of the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the legislature of South Carolina convened. In a unanimous vote on December 20, 1860, the state seceded from the Union. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. President James Buchanan, in the last days of his administration, declared that the federal government would not forcibly prevent the secessions. In February 1861, the seceding states sent representatives to a convention in Montgomery, Alabama. The convention, presided over by Howell Cobb of Georgia, adopted a provisional constitution and chose Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as provisional president and Alexander Hamilton Stephens of Georgia as provisional vice president. The convention, on March 11, 1861, unanimously ratified a permanent constitution. The constitution, which closely resembled the federal Constitution, prohibited the African slave trade but allowed interstate commerce in slaves. Jefferson Davis (1808-89), first and only president of the Confederate States of America (1861-65). Davis was born onJune 3, 1808, in Christian (now Todd) County, Kentucky, and educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and at the U.S. Military Academy. After his graduation in 1828, he saw frontier service until ill health forced his resignation from the army in 1835. He was a planter in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845, when he was elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1846 he resigned his seat in order to serve in the Mexican War and fought at Monterrey and Buena Vista, where he was wounded. He was U.S. senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1851, secretary of war in the cabinet of President Franklin Pierce from 1853 to 1857, and again U.S. senator from 1857 to 1861. As a senator he often stated his support of slavery and of states' rights, and as a cabinet member he influenced Pierce to sign the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which favored the South and increased the bitterness of the struggle over slavery. In his second term as senator he became the acknowledged spokesman for the Southern point of view. He opposed the idea of secession from the Union, however, as a means of maintaining the principles of the South. Even after the first steps toward secession had been taken, he tried to keep the Southern states in the Union, although not at the expense of their principles. When the state of Mississippi seceded, he withdrew from the Senate. On February 18, 1861, the provisional Congress of the Confederate States made him provisional president. He was elected to the office by popular vote the same year for a 6-year term and was inaugurated in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy, on February 22, 1862. Davis failed to raise sufficient money to fight the American Civil War and could not obtain recognition and help for the Confederacy from foreign governments. He was in constant conflict with extreme exponents of the doctrine of states' rights, and his attempts to have high military officers appointed by the president were opposed by the governors of the states. The judges of state courts constantly interfered in military matters through judicial decisions. Davis was nevertheless responsible for the raising of the formidable Confederate armies, the notable appointment of General Robert E. Lee as commander of the Army of Virginia, and the encouragement of industrial enterprise throughout the South. His zeal, energy, and faith in the cause of the South were a source of much of the tenacity with which the Confederacy fought the Civil War. Even in 1865 Davis still hoped the South would be able to achieve its independence, but at last he realized defeat was imminent and fled from Richmond. On May 10, 1865, federal troops captured him at Irwinville, Georgia. From 1865 to 1867 he was imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, Virginia. Davis was indicted for treason in 1866 but the next year was released on a bond of $100,000 signed by the American newspaper publisher Horace Greeley and other influential Northerners. In 1868 the federal government dropped the case against him. From 1870 to 1878 he engaged in a number of unsuccessful business enterprises; and from 1878 until his death in New Orleans, on December 6, 1889, he lived near Biloxi, Mississippi. His grave is in Richmond, Virginia. He wrote The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (1881). Soon after his inauguration as provisional president on February 18,

Portrayal Of Reality In Great Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby

Portrayal Of Reality In Great Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby Portrayal Of Reality In Great Gatsby Mr. Gordan, an esteemed English teacher, once said Literature is Life. I had not been able to grasp the reality of those words until I read The Great Gatsby . After reading The Great Gatsby, I understand that literature is written through inspiration from our daily lives. In this novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the themes of morality and life versus illusion. Through his excellent writing techniques, Fitzgerald reduces most of the characters of the novel as seemingly obsessed with material possessions, petty, and selfish. Theses characterizations are portrayed because of the realness of human nature. Fitzgerald uses contrasting morals and values of the characters to show the true disparity in human nature. Nicks characteristics are completely incompatible with Toms. Since Nick has a strong foundation and is honest, he is thus very faithful. His faithfulness and loyalty is apparent when he attends and organizes Gatsbys funeral. On the other hand, Tom is unfaithful and dishonest. He is dishonest with Daisy and Myrtle. He also shows his unfaithfulness when he is not present at the birth of his daughter. In addition, Fitzgerald also uses Tom and Gatsby to show the sentimental disparity. Gatsby is a dreamer and a romantic man, who by following his dreams, went from rags to riches. He is proud of the fact that he has been able to accumulate his wealth independently, despite the fact that it is hinted that much of his money was earned illegally. Tom, on the other hand, is a realist and a straightforward man. He does not dream, as Gatsby does; he merely acts on his instincts. He has not earned his great wealth: he has inherited it. In spite of the fact, that all of the main characters in The Great Gatsby have very different personalities; they are however all affected by money. Some characters, like Gatsby and Tom Buchanan, have money, and are very expressive with it. Other characters, such as Myrtle, lust for money. Essentially being of the middle class, Myrtle's attraction to Tom is not based on love or affection. Rather, Tom represents something that Myrtle has never had : endless wealth; and with this Myrtle correlates happiness. Fitzgerald uses the lust for money in his novel because it is one thing that almost everybody in the world lusts for. He also tries to use the prejudices against rich as being flamboyant and superficial to create a contempt against Tom Buchanan and Daisy. However, these prejudices might have some truth or reality to them as Fitzgerald shows it in the end through Nicks judgment. Fitzgerald also adds a dash of reality to his novel when Gatsby doesnt achieve his dream of winning Daisy back from Tom. In this case, the strong, bullying character of Tom represents reality, and with his powerful nature he easily squashes any hopes that Gatsby may have of a relationship with Daisy. This shows that sometimes dreams dont come true, as opposed to the fairy tale version of . and they lived happily everafter. Although, Fitzgerald may despise all that the American dream stands for, he more importantly illustrates that it is not always easy to obtain it. The novel ends with the death of Gatsby. This may seem surprising to the reader, as Fitzgerald seems to have built Gatsby up as being one of the true heroes of the novel. However, Fitzgerald understands that reality is often very harsh to dreamers, a central quality in Gatsby's character. The death of Gatsby, and the unaffected life of Tom after both Gatsby's and Myrtle's death is testament to the fact that illusion is often shattered when confronted with reality. Rather than this fact detracting from Gatsby's character; the reader, however, supports the image of Gatsby all the more: a man who has died while in pursuit of something worthy. This alternative is far better than any other solutions. If Gatsby had not died, then he would have been desperate and desolute. In addition, Tom would have had the upper hand and would have only enlarged his own ego. Fitzgerald ends the novel with another reality. He shows that Gatsbys life had no worth if measured with how many real friends

3 Discredited Biological Explanations for Deviancy

3 Discredited Biological Explanations for Deviancy A number of theories have tried to explain why people take part in deviant behavior, which is defined as any behavior that goes against the dominant norms of society. Biological explanations, psychological reasons, and sociological factors have all been linked to such behavior, but three of the major biological explanations for deviancy have been discredited. They posit that criminals are born rather than made, meaning that ones genetic makeup is the top reason a person engages in deviant acts. Biological Theories   Biological theories of deviance see crime and deviant behavior as a form of illness caused by distinct pathological factors. They assume that some people are born criminals or that offenders are biologically different from the general public. The logic here is that these individuals have a mental and physical defect of some sort that makes it impossible for them to learn and follow rules. This defect, in turn, leads to criminal behavior.​ Born Criminals Nineteenth-century Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso rejected the idea that crime is a characteristic of human nature. Instead, he believed that criminality is inherited, and he even developed a theory of deviance that argued a person’s bodily constitution indicates whether one is a born criminal. These born criminals are a throwback to an earlier stage of human evolution with the physical makeup, mental capabilities, and instincts of primitive man. In developing his theory, Lombroso observed the physical characteristics of Italian prisoners and compared them to those of Italian soldiers. He concluded that the criminals were physically different. The physical characteristics he used to identify prisoners included an asymmetry of the face or head, large monkey-like ears, large lips, a twisted nose, excessive cheekbones, long arms, and excessive wrinkles on the skin. Lombroso declared that males with five or more of these characteristics could be marked as born criminals. Females, on the other hand, only needed as few as three of these characteristics to be born criminals. Lombroso also believed that tattoos are the markings of born criminals because they stand as evidence of both immortality and insensitivity to physical pain. Body Types William Sheldon was an American psychologist practicing in the early to mid-1900s. He  spent his life observing the varieties of human bodies and came up with three types: ectomorphs, endomorphs, and mesomorphs. Ectomorphs are thin and fragile. Their bodies are  described as flat-chested, lean, lightly muscled, and small shouldered. Endomorphs are considered soft and fat. They are described as having underdeveloped muscles and a round physique. They often have difficulty losing weight. Mesomorphs are muscular and athletic. Their bodies are described as hourglass-shaped when theyre female, or rectangular-shaped in males. Theyre muscular with thick skin and have excellent posture. According to Sheldon, mesomorphs are the most prone to commit crime or other deviant behaviors. Y Chromosomes This theory holds that criminals have an extra Y chromosome that gives them an XYY chromosomal makeup rather than an XY makeup. This creates a strong compulsion in them to commit crimes. This person is sometimes called a super male. Some studies have found that the proportion of XYY males in the prison population is slightly higher than the general male population, but other studies don’t provide evidence that supports this theory. Sources Gibson, Mary. Born to Crime: Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Biological Criminology (Italian and Italian American Studies). Praeger, 2002. Rose, Martha, and Wayne Mayhall. Sociology: The Basic Principles of Sociology for Introductory Courses. BarCharts, Inc., 2000.

Understand the nature of the national environment in which businesses Essay

Understand the nature of the national environment in which businesses operate - Essay Example Understand the nature of the national environment in which businesses operate Moreover, these organisations are able to meet the market demand effectively. P&G complies with all the state and federal laws including the Honest Leadership Act, Lobbying Disclosure Act and Open Government Act. Effective environment funding helps the organisation to avoid political challenges. Economical The recent financial crisis and global economic recession have affected the economic environment of the country. The organisation tries to implement a competitive pricing strategy to support the low purchasing power of people. On the other hand, infrastructure development supports the FMCG industry. The infrastructure followed by the company supports the industry. The target of the company includes growing the organic sales from 1% to 2% at a faster rate than that of the market and delivering the highest earnings per share. It also targets to generate free cash productivity of free cash flow of 90% or greater. Social The organisation tries to introduce healthy goods to target healt h-conscious people. For example, UNICEF and Pampers are working together to maintain good health of babies. The company follows good governance and contributes for the benefit for the society. They have offered healthier products for the health conscious society and the targets set by the company for the future are always in line with the objectives of societal benefits. Technological Leading global business organisations try to implement advanced technology in business process to enhance their business performance. P&G uses latest and developed technology to attract customers. Moreover, random technological innovation has provided P&G with a significant competitive advantage. The company uses latest technology in order to attract the customers. The company offers tremendous competition to other competitors in the market. The degree of competition is backed by use of advanced technologies. Environmental The organisation has developed several business operation objectives in order to reduce the level of carbon emission. They try to reduce the level of GHG emission in order to bring sustainability into their business operations. The goal of the company includes building at least 550 billion in cumulative sales in the product category of sustainable innovation. This category of products follows an improved environmental profile. Legal The organisation maintains health, safety and environmental standards to avoid legal chaos. The customers are becoming more and more aware of the health and safety requirements and hence try to opt for the products that are healthier and safer. The company maintains the regulations existing in the countries of operation. P2. 1 The United Kingdom is one of the largest global economies. The UK economy is a mixed one. Over the last two decades, the strength of public ownership has been significantly reducing. The United Kingdom is known for the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. Slowly and gradually, the economy of UK has shift ed towards the service sectors (Lipsey and Chrystal, 2011, p.16). Tourism, banking, insurance and other business services are considered as the major growth driver of the UK economy. A mixed economy presupposes a unity of public and private control. It reflects the characteristics of both command economy

Life Coaching Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Coaching - Article Example Furthermore, it is never too late to take a breather, evaluate one's circumstances, and change course if this becomes the apparent ideal solution to a problem or a difficult situation. Life coaching is an effective tool which one can rely on achieving the needed clarity, set up a process by which specific, measurable, and achievable goals are set, and a clear strategy to achieve these goals is outlined. There are different types of coaching, such as sports or performance coaching, leadershipcoaching, strategy coaching, skills coaching, career coaching, personal or life coaching, business coaching, executive coaching, etc. Life Coaching, to define it, "is the practice of assisting clients to determine and achieve personal goals." (Permut) Life coaching is an alliance between a client and a coach who is a professional and provides guidance and accountability. The coach helps by first empowering one in defining exactly what one's true dreams, passions, strengths, weaknesses, fears are, and then in guiding in achieving specific goals based on exactly that individual's profile. The coach however does not take responsibility for any of the client's action. The client is in full control of his destiny at every step. The environment is that of support, trust, motivation and encouragement. Complete confidentiality, as allowed by the law is always assured. In the end this process will enabl... He/she is confident that all weaknesses and fear can be either overcome or leveraged for success. The International Coach Federation also acknowledges the great value of coaching in producing important benefits in the clients' personal and professional lives. "Through the process of coaching, clients deepen their learning, improve their performance, and enhance their quality of life." (Rothwell and Sullivan, 389) It is, however, fundamental to realize that life coaching is not psychotherapy or consulting. "Coaching is not psychotherapy... Unlike therapy, the coaching relationship is a partnership and is much more egalitarian than the traditional therapy relationship [and] the coaching orientation is outcome and action driven in the external environment." (Gooding, 36) Significantly, coaching focuses on empowerment, values, wants, desires, and visions of the future and the action to make those visions happen. Similarly, coaching is not consulting: the latter deals with problem solving tactics, action plans, achieving precise targets etc, whereas the former concentrates chiefly on action based learning. Modern life as well as business is all about stress, problems, tensions etc. The value of life coaching is becoming increasingly apparent. Most essentially, the return on investment in life coaching has increased tremendously and it will continue to fetch great profit to the investors. The case of MetrixGlobal is a convincing example. "Program costs were tabulated for all 43 leadership development participants in determining the return on investment. A 529% return on investment was produced by the coaching process (excluding the benefits from employee retention)."

Introduction of The Book of Common Prayer

Introduction of The Book of Common Prayer Introduction The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) or to give it its full title when published (in modern spelling) The Book of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments, and other Rites of the Church: after the Use of the Church of England is considered by many to be one of the priceless possessions of the English people, ranking alongside the first printed Bible in English and the plays of the quintessential English playwright William Shakespeare. It has been said, with some justice, that the words of this Prayer Book have been recited by English-speakers far more frequently than the speeches and soliloquies of Shakespeare.[1] First published in 1549, with authorship credited to the then Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), the book has been utilised by Christians throughout the world since, apart from 2 short periods of time between 1553 to 1558 and 1645 to 1660, having many of its phrases becoming part of our everyday language and still influencing the worship and devotions of millions of Christians today. The BCP comes to us in a number of guises, and is usually referred to by the year of its introduction. The first book of 1549 was rapidly succeeded by versions in 1552 and then 1559. The final version on which the present book is based is that of 1662. Each of the four versions feature a common layout and are related to each other however the content of each book shows considerable revision and thought in terms of theology, political and intellectual context. In a sense the BCP can be looked on as a wonderful example of a book which contains a whole history within it.[2] In order to analyse the impact of the introduction of the BCP some knowledge of the history lying behind the book is essential in order to demonstrate the seismic changes it brought about. Pre-BCP Period. The first version of the BCP was introduced in 1549 during the reign of King Edward VI however its roots were most definitely to be found growing during the reign of Henry VIII and the Protestant Reformation movement that had spread from Europe to Henrys England and influenced his Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer. Henry was a Roman Catholic and would remain a Catholic until his death in 1547 despite his break from Rome over his divorce from Catherine of Aragon and the Act of Supremacy of 1534 which cut the ties of the English Church from that of Rome and made English monarchs the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Although there was an impetus given by the Reformation movement and Cranmers plans for reform, worship in England remained largely catholic, no uniformity of services but with little tinkerings of the liturgy here and there. There had been suggestions that in the late 1530s Cranmer was engaged in crafting services but nothing was ever published. A definite tinkering though followed after the 1536 sermon by Bishop Hugh Latimer (1487-1555) when he called for the services of matrimony and baptism to be conducted in English.[3] In 1535 the first English Bible produced by Coverdale was allowed to be used, followed in 1537 by Matthews Bible and then Coverdales revised Great Bible in 1539. On the orders of Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540), who was Henrys Vicegerent in Scripturals and Vicar-general, in 1543 an English Bible was to be placed in every church and chapel in the land from which the clergy were to integrate readings in English into Sunday worship. Also in 1543 Tudor rationalisation ordered that this realm shall have one Use[4], the Rite of Sarum[5] from the diocese of Salisbury, that had been amended to remove all references to both the Pope and St Thomas à   Becket.[6] The Sarum Use, which had been in use since the 12/13th century, comprised a number of large service books that the clergy had to use Breviary, Missal, Manual and Pontifical, along with books such as the Diurnal and the Pie, all of which were necessary in order to give directions to the everyday services. Most significant though was that the Use was written and said in Latin and thus these were books largely of the clergy and not the laity. By the end of the first decade after the Act of Supremacy, of 1534, several key changes had been introduced into the English Church, most notably the purging of all Roman authority and Papal references, integration of the use of English in parts of some worship, a state control over liturgy and in particular a requirement for uniformity and the influence of Protestant elements. An important landmark in this budding tradition is reached in 1544 with the introduction of the first officially approved state liturgy written totally in the vernacular English. Cranmers Litany was revolutionary, taking as it did a processional service designed to whip up both religious and patriotic fervour, in this case as a prelude to Henrys invasion of France, and not only having it all said in English but incorporating Lutheran reform and omitting the very Catholic invocations of the many saints. Henrys enforced policy of strict Catholic doctrine and practice made any kind of official advancement towards Reformed liturgical practice move quite slowly, however, the Reform movement continued to apply pressure leading Cranmer to pursue for some further degree of uniformity that would quieten reform advocates for a time.[7] This end was achieved by the issue in 1545 of The Primer set forth by the Kings majesty and his Clergy simply known as The Kings Book, a means of providing one uniform Primer[8] with all others to be withdrawn from sale. Whilst the contents were traditional the primer was available in both Latin and English and was an opportunity from Cranmer to tinker slightly with some of the contents to give them a more Reformed look. Other small but significant reforms by Cranmer followed, a more conservative Daily Office was drafted and a number of ceremonies and customs were abolished for being superstitious. Henry VIII died in January 1547 and was succeeded to the English throne by his 9 year old son, Edward VI. Edward had been brought up in the household of Catherine Parr (1512-1548), the sixth and final wife of Henry VIII, and was very influenced by her Protestant sympathies of the New Learning. Due to his young age he was also surrounded, influenced and advised by his privy council who were also Protestant leaning. With a protestant King now on the English throne the way was now clear for Cranmer to press on with liturgical adaptations and reform that had been stifled under Henry. At the heart of Cranmers reforms of the English expression of religion was uniformity thus work began on a number of texts to bring this about and at the same time appease English reformers. One of the first of these texts was the Book of Homilies issued in July 1547, six months after the accession of Edward. This book contained twelve homilies, containing theology most amenable to the Reformation, that by royal decree were to be preached on each Sunday. At the same time a set of Injunctions appeared for a general visitation of the whole country to ensure that directions regarding the use of the vernacular for Bible readings , the use of an official Homily and a whole raft of other Reformed instructions were carried out.[9] Early in 1548 a significant change was introduced in the form of the Order of the Communion which amongst other things required for provision of the Communion in both kinds[10] to all, clergy and laity alike, which was a big feature in Reformed theology.[11] Whilst the country was becoming accustomed to the appearance and use that these reforms and changes brought about in their worship, Cranmer, along with a committee of certain of the most learned and discreet bishops and other learned men,[12] proceeded apace to work on a new form of consolidated prayer book for the whole kingdom. In 1549 this new book was published and given an into service date of Whit-Sunday 1549.[13] The 1549 Book of Common Prayer introduced The 1549 BCP can be viewed as a logical first step towards a fully English Protestantism although perhaps not a full blown Reformed package of new services. Although influenced by continental reformers this first book is very much more a revision of the old service book of the English church.[14] According to Procter and Frere, simplicity was achieved by the omission of a number of the medieval offices and doctrinal changes against, for example, the theory of transubstantiation and other more popular misconceptions; they see this first book as being less of a composition of new material but a reverent, conservative handling of the earlier Uses of which large portions were simply translated and retained. Chief among the changes introduced was the need to no longer use a multitude of books by the clergy to provide daily and Sunday worship services, everything needed was now contained in one volume except for a copy of the Bible in order to make lectionary based readings, Second, no longer were the congregation excluded from a full participation in the services as all the services, not just parts, were now to be said in English, so whilst the vast majority of the laity were functionally illiterate they could at least hear and understand the worship gone were to be the days of Hocus Pocus.[15] As well as consolidating all daily and Sunday worship into one book, Cranmer also removed many of the Latin services that he and his Reformer compatriots disliked. Just two Daily Offices were kept rather than the eight of the previous Latin Use[16], Morning and Evening prayer, joined by the Litany and Holy Communion. The BCP also contained the other occasional services necessary to minister congregations from cradle to grave. These included the orders for purification of women, baptism, confirmation, prayers to be said and Holy Communion with the sick, marriage and funerals. To complete the book the BCP also sets out all the Epistle, Gospel and Collect readings for each Sunday Holy Communion service ordered by the liturgical calendar, with the Old and New Testament and Psalm readings for daily prayer set out in a tabular form based on the civic calendar. Reception of the 1549 Book of Common Prayer The introduction of the 1549 BCP received a mixed reception, and in what could be seen as a shrewd move on behalf of the powers that be in anticipation of possible trouble and problems with its introduction, the Act of Uniformity 1549 that introduced the BCP gave it its legal standing as the sole Use. Cranmers aim for the book to be not just about a uniformity of common worship but a vehicle fitting for its expression, which was always dear to his heart,[17] was to be clearly seen in his Preface which pointed out how the homogenization of worship on a national platform and scale gave rise to an exchangeability of worship, such that anyone attending services outside of their own parish would experience a familiarity with services being said across the land something not found under the old Latin Uses. However, the BCP was not universally accepted. There was to be some violent opposition, on the Whit-Monday June 10th, the day after its official introduction date, an uprising began in the West Country demanding, among other things, a return to Mass in Latin, Communion in one kind and only at Easter and restoration of other observances from the time of Henry VIII We will not receive the new service, because it is like a Christmas game[18] they claimed. This sense of opposition from simple peasants can be regarded as typical of many in the land who disliked change in customs, traditions and teachings. For some, for whom the difference between Church and State was minimal, they welcomed a book which did away with the varying diocesan Uses and developed a corporate national feeling. For others, including a number of Cranmers Reforming friends, the book did not go far enough such that a leading opponent of reform, Bishop Stephen Gardiner found the books Eucharistic doctrine not distant from the Catholic faith and would have been prepared to use it had he not been incarcerated in the Tower of London.[19] An examination of the book leads one to the conclusion that the most contentious element, the Holy Communion, can be interpreted in two completely opposite ways, in a way that most Reformers would agree with, and also, in a manner agreeable to those who are entirely opposed to the Reformation. Use of expressions comfortable to both sides of the divide to describe the same thing such as referring to the Service of Holy Communion as the Holy Communion and as the Mass, and references to The Holy Table as the Altar and also as Gods board should not make it surprising that different interpretations could be read into the book. On balance it is apparent that Cranmer was walking a very narrow tight-rope in trying to bring about a significant reform that would be lasting and, in anticipation of the likely reception of the book from both ends of the religious spectrum, he showed admirable pastoral wisdom and sensitivity, advocating caution in the task of weaning the English away from what he saw as ancient error, which nevertheless had rooted itself deeply in the collective imagination, and towards the purer landscape of Protestant worship.[20] Perhaps it is not surprising, therefore, that the Book of Common Prayer of 1549 was not reprinted after the year it was issued and a successor was brought forward in 1552. Cranmer, working with Reformed theologians such as Martin Bucer[21] and against sincere Roman Catholics like Bishop Gardiner produce a revised BCP which reveals a decidedly Reformed evolution, no longer a compromise between the old and the new. Cranmers 1549 The Book of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments, and other Rites of the Church: after the Use of the Church of England can theologically be considered to be a child of the English Reformation, designed as a way of uniting people in worship through liturgy where both clergy and laity throughout the land pray together in a common vernacular tongue and both receive the wonderful mystery that is the body and blood of the Lord Jesus Christ, as former Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Carey states, The fundamental purpose of celebrating Common Prayer is this: to help the church as a whole to pray together in a reflective and structured way,[22] words one is certain that Cranmer would have said himself. Bibliography Carey, G., The Daily Office SSF by Society of St Francis (Mowbray, Continuum International PG, 2010). Cuming, G.J., A History of Anglican Liturgy (London, Macmillan Co Ltd, 1969). Cummings, B., Ed. The Book of Common Prayer: the texts of 1549, 1559 and 1662 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011). Dean, J., God truly worshipped: Thomas Cranmer and his writings (Norwich, Canterbury Press, 2012). Hefling, C., Shattuck, C., Ed. The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006). MacCulloch, D., A History of Christianity (London, Penguin Group, 2010). Procter, F. Frere, W.H., A New History of The Book of Common Prayer, (London, Macmillan, 1961). Rosendale, T., Liturgy and Literature in the making of Protestant England (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2011). [1] D. MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, (London, Penguin Group, 2010), p.631 [2] B. Cummings, Editor, The Book of Common Prayer: the texts of 1549, 1559 and 1662, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011), p.xvi [3] C. Hefling C. Shattuck, Editors, The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011), p.22 [4] Use the liturgy or services [5] C. Hefling C. Shattuck, Editors, The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011), p.23 [6] T. Rosendale, Liturgy and Literature in the making of Protestant England (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2011), p.28 St Thomas à   Beckets name was removed as he was seen to be a symbol of church resistance to monarchical control. [7] G.J. Cuming, A History of Anglican Liturgy, (London, Macmillan Co Ltd, 1969), p.58 [8] Primer = A manual of devotions including expositions of the Creed, Decalogue, Graces and prayers. [9] G.J. Cuming, A History of Anglican Liturgy, (London, Macmillan Co Ltd, 1969), p.60 for a more detailed list of visitation requirements. [10] Kinds A term to express either Bread and/or Wine [11] John Calvin asserted, against Roman Catholic doctrine, Christ is not present literally in the elements, but he is spiritually present. Those who receive the elements with faith can receive the actual body and blood of Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit which works through the sacrament, a view sometimes known as Receptionism. [12] Further information of the members of the committee in G.J. Cuming, A History of Anglican Liturgy, (London, Macmillan Co Ltd, 1969) p.66 [13] The BCP was allowed to be used before this date with Whit-Sunday being the cut-off date for introduction [14] F. Procter and W.H. Frere, A New History of The Book of Common Prayer, (London, Macmillan, 1961), p.54 [15] Hocus Pocus an expression thought to come from a perversion of the sacramental blessing from the Latin Mass, Hoc est corpus meum This is my body. [16] Eight daily prayer events: Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline, and the night office, sometimes referred to as Vigils. [17] J. Dean, God truly worshipped: Thomas Cranmer and his writings, (Norwich, Canterbury Press, 2012), p.82 [18] F. Procter and W.H. Frere, A New History of The Book of Common Prayer, (London, Macmillan, 1961), p.56 [19] G.J. Cuming, A History of Anglican Liturgy, (London, Macmillan Co Ltd, 1969), p.96 [20] J. Dean, God truly worshipped: Thomas Cranmer and his writings, (Norwich, Canterbury Press, 2012), p.82 [21] Martin Bucer (1491-1551) Continental Reformer influenced by writings of Luther. Head of Reforms in Strasburg in 1527 but forced to flee to England following Battle of Mà ¼lberg in 1547. Appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge University in December 1549. [22] G. Carey, The Daily Office SSF by Society of St Francis, (Continuum International PG, Mowbray, 2010), Foreword

Children’s literature Essay

What is literature? Literature is (a) imaginative or creative writing; (b) distinguish writing, with deep sublime, noble feelings. It includes oral tradition passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth (e. g. proverbs, myths, legends, epic, folk song, etc. ). Literature, as defined by the oxford, etc. , valued as works of art (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography) contrasted with technical books and journalism; (2) all the writing of a country (French lit. ) or a period (18th Century English Lit. ); (3) printed material describing or advertising e. g. pamphlets; (4) books dealing with special subjects, travel, poultry farming. Literature is an art expressing beauty through the medium of language; a recreation through language of human situation and experiences, the orchestration of the manifold but elemental experiences of man blended into harmonious and desired patterns of expressions and a faithful reproduction of life executed in an artistic pattern (Del Prado). Why Study Literature? Literature leads to personal fulfilment and academic gains. Separating the values into personal and academic is an intellectual distinction, since both types benefit the students and are all proper parts of a student’s schooling. The distinction is useful, however, since teachers and librarians must often justify the benefits of literature in the classroom and find the academic benefits the most convincing ones for administrators and parents. Enjoyment The most important personal gain that good books offer to students is the most obvious one-enjoyment. Those of you who read widely as students will never forget the stories that were so tragic that you almost cried out, some were so funny that you laughed out, the poem that was so lifting that you never forgot it, or the mystery that was so scary that your heart thumped with apprehension. Such positive early experience often leads to a lifetime of reading enjoyment. Imagination and Inspiration By seeing the world around them in new ways and by considering ways of living other than their own, students increase their ability to think divergently. Stories often map the divergent paths that our ancestors might have taken or that our descendants might someday take. Through the vicarious experience of entering a different world from the present one, students develop their imaginations. In addition, stories about people, both real and imaginary, can inspire students to overcome obstacles, accept different perspectives, and formulate personal goals. The Academic Value of Literature to Student In addition to the personal benefits of literature for yong readers, there are several important academic benefits. Reading Many of you may have reached the common-sense deduction that reading ability, like any other skill, improves with practice. Many teachers and librarians believe that regular involvement with excellent and appropriate literature can foster language development to young people and can help them to learn to read and to value reading. Writing Since people tend to assimilate or adopt what they like of what they read and hear, young people may, by listening to and reading literature, begin to develop their own writing â€Å"voice†, or unique, personal writing style. By listening to and reading excellent literature, children are exposed to rich vocabulary and excellent writing styles, which serve as good models for their own speaking and writing voices. The acquisition of a larger vocabulary through reading offers young writers a better word choice for their own stories. Devices found in books such as the use of dialect, dialogue, and precise descriptions are often assimilated into students’ own writing. Vicarious Experience When a story is convincing written that readers feel as though they have live through an experience or have actually been in the place and time where the story is set, the book have given them a vicarious experience. Experiences such as these are broadening students to stories from many lands and cultures, teachers and libraries are building a solid foundation for multicultural and international understanding. Walking in someone else’s shoes often help students to develop a greater capacity to empathize with others. Students around the world can benefit from stories that explain what life is, for people who are restricted by handicaps, politics, or circumstances or whose lives are different from theirs because of culture or geography. Likewise, young readers of today can relate on a more personal level with the events and people of history. Heritage Stories that are handed down from one generation to the next connect us to our past, to the roots of our specific cultures, national heritage, and general human condition. Stories are the repositories of culture. Knowing the tales, characters, expression, riddles, lullabies, songs, and adages that are part of our cultural heritage makes us culturally literate. Stories based on fact help young people to gain a greater appreciation for what history is and for the people, both ordinary and extraordinary who made history. Art Appreciation Illustration in some literature books (Children’s Literature) can be appreciated both for its ability to help tell the story (cognitive value) and for its value as art (aesthetic value). Picture books are profusely illustrated books in which the illustrations are, to varying degrees, essential to the enjoyment and understanding of the story. For this reason, illustrations in picture books are said to be integral to the story. The illustration in picture books provides actual plot or concept information as well as clues to character traits, settings, and moods. Without the illustrations, therefore these books would be diminished, and in some case the story would make no sense or would be nonexistent.

Karl Marx And The German Political System - 1427 Words

Karl Marx was born on May 5th 1818 in Trier, Germany, which was then known as the Kingdom of Prussia. Karl was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labor and it’s relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. He was born into a wealthy upper middle-class family. He attended school at the University of Bonn and later he studied law and philosophy at the University of Berlin, where he became interested in the philosophical ideas of the Young Hegelians. The Young Hegelians were a group of German intellectuals who wrote about the legacy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. They drew on his idea that the purpose and promise of history was the total negation of everything conducive to restricting freedom and reason; and they proceeded to mount radical critiques. First of religion and then of the Prussian political system. 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Politics In The Gilded Age Essay - 762 Words

Politics in the Gilded Age Discuss Politics in the Gilded Age. Include major political events and issues, and the roles of the â€Å"bloody shirt,† corruption, patronage, and reform movements. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The term Gilded Age was named for a Mark Twain book. It meant covered with gold, and was applied to this period as a whole. This was a period of corruption in sordid politics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Republicans and Democrats didn’t really have strong opposing beliefs during this period. The Republicans supported high tariffs and sound money. The Democrats supported lower tariffs and expanded currency. Both rural and urban classes supported each party. They worked with spoils and local issues. Both†¦show more content†¦He had little knowledge of politics, and depended on his fellow politicians. These men, in turn, involved in scandals to embezzle money from the government. One was the Great Mobilier scandal; it dealt with the Union Pacific Railroad. 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